| Zustandsverben | Vorgangsverben |
| to consist of, to own, to possess to believe, to remember , to think, understand, to seem, to notice, to hear, to want, to like, to wish, to need, to imagine, to belong, to doubt etc. | to walk, to work, to write, to read, to study, to play, to build, to clean, to speak, to listen, to move, to drive etc. |
| My neighbour possesses two cars and a sailing boat. I think we should plan our holidays soon. My grandma doesn't hear well so that people have to speak louder. |
We had been walking for three hours when we were suddenly surprised by heavy rain. |
Bei wiederholten Handlungen (die normalerweise in der simple form stehen) kann auch die progressive form Verwendung finden, wenn Vorwürfe oder Unwillen zum Ausdruck gebracht werden sollen.
| The children are always crying. Die Kinder schreien (aber auch) immer! |
Die Zeitformen der Verlaufsform:
| past progressive | he was playing |
| present progressive | he is playing |
| present perfect progressive | he has been playing |
| past perfect progressive | he had been playing |
| future progressive | he will be playing |
| future perfect progressive | he will have been playing |
| conditional I progressive | he would be playing |
| conditional perfect (II) progressive | he would have been playing |
Die Übung behandelt verschiedene Zeitformen der Verlaufsform.
Simple present und present progressive
Das simple present entspricht
dem Infinitiv des Verbs. In der dritten Person Singular wird ein -s
angefügt.
| I write you call he/she/it |
we write you call writes/calls they write/call |
Beim present progressive wird -ing an den Infinitiv des Verbs angehängt.
Zum Gebrauch des simple present
Das simple present wird angewendet:
- wenn etwas "immer so" ist (Tatsachen und Gesetzmäßigkeiten):
Trains between London and Liverpool run every hour. (Fahrplanangaben etc.) - bei gewohnheitsmäßigen Vorgängen oder Handlungen:
Father usually goes to work at 7 a.m. - bei Aufzählungen und kurz andauernden Handlungen:
He shuts the front door and goes to work. - bei Zusammenfassungen von Texten im erzählenden Präsens,
etwa in Film- oder Theaterrezensionen:
This story is about fear, … and courage which leads to what you may feel is an overwhelming climax. Faulkner calls him Colonel Sartoris …
Das present progressive wird in folgenden Fällen angewendet:
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-
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Vor, während und nach dem moment
of speaking: Look, the actors are rehearsing one of the scenes. / Are you reading his letter? |
|
-
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Zur Darstellung von Entwicklungen: It's growing colder./ The toddler's range of movement is expanding. |
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-
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Zur Beschreibung von Szenen aus der Sicht eines Betrachters: The sales assistant is serving a customer. She is showing her some Italian silk scarves. Another customer is waiting to be served. |
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-
|
Zum Ausdruck geplanter zukünftiger Handlung. Es
steht schon fest, dass etwas geschehen wird: What are we having for lunch? / Tomorrow I'm getting a new haircut. / I can't leave now. I'm expecting Mark in half an hour. |
| simple present | present progressive: |
| every day/month/year, always, sometimes, usually, generally, often, as a rule, habitually | Look!, Listen!, at this moment, now, just |
Simple present vs. present progressive
| simple form (present tense) |
progressive form (present tense) |
| Aussagesätze: Every day he walks home. They usually watch the news at 8 p.m. The ferry crosses the river ten times a day. |
Aussagesätze: Look! He is walking home. They are now watching a movie. When he was crossing the road, he nearly ran into a car. |
| Verneinter Aussagesatz
(Singular): He does not listen to the news every day. I do not (don't) like mushrooms. |
Verneinter Aussagesatz
(Singular): Right now he is not listening to the news. |
| Verneinter Aussagesatz
(Plural): Our friends don't go for walks on weekends. |
Verneinter Aussagesatz
(Plural): Look, our friends are walking past our house. |
| Fragesatz: Does he drive a car? |
Fragesatz: Aren't you driving too fast now? |
Mit der Wahl der einfachen Form oder der Verlaufsform eines Verbes kann sich dessen Bedeutung verändern: z. B. to taste als Zustandsverb (schmecken) oder als Vorgangsverb (abschmecken).
| to taste | = schmecken | The soup tastes good. |
| = abschmecken | The chef is tasting the soup. |
|
to smell |
= riechen | The flower smells nice. |
| = riechen an | She is smelling the flower. |